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What is Kardashev Scale? - Science Feed

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Have you ever imagined what is the sheer scale of our universe and how the future of human civilization is. There is scale of things that can be framed in and outside of our Universe. In this article, we have discussed the same curious question.

Kardashev Scale is the method by which we measure scale of a civilization about their technological advancements, developments, scale etc. is based on the amount of the energy being used. 

This was proposed by a Soviet era astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in Byurakan Conference 1964 inside the article of Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations. 

Type I, II and III are the original types by Nikolai Kardashev. There are others types too since these three are not enough for complete explanation of civilization's scale.


Type 0 Civilization

This type of civilization is not able to harness and use energy levels of 4×1012 watts/sec, basically less than that. In other words, the civilization must be able to use all the light received from its Sun, parent star. Currently, not exactly but close, we are near Type I but still in Type 0. There can be controversy on this statement.

Type I Civilization

 Color illustration. A yellow-orange disc in the center is pierced vertically by a spiral of filaments.

Type I Civilization is able to use all the light or energy falling on its home planet from its parent sun. So, we can say 4×1012 watts/sec is consumed on average. We are pretty close to achieve this amount. Carl Sagan says that Type I Civilization will be achieved around 2100.

Type II Civilization

 

For Type II Civilization, it must be able to harness the amount equivalent to 4×1026 watts/sec and use it simultaneously from its parent sun. For getting this marvelous engineering architecture, few design has been proposed in scientific community that is: a Dyson Sphere which surrounds the Sun all around like numerous rings or a Matrioshka Brain which also surrounds the Sun small plates at different distance from it.

Type III Civilization

Type III Civilization is supposed to farm the entire galaxy for its immense requirements. The amount is approximately equal to  4×1037 watts/sec. This type of civilization is predicted to be found somewhere around the center of our galaxy.
It has been called that Type III may capture upto 75% of the light emitted by the galaxy using Dyson Sphere type structures.

Type IV Civilization    

Type IV Civilization is beyond Kardashev's comprehension. According to Zoltan Galántai, the Type IV civilization will be able to harness energy of the entire energy and possess the divine capabilities of manipulate universal laws at their own will. This scale is defined to be around 14 billion parsecs.

Type V Civilization

Whatever the possibilities are left that can be defined in Type V Civilization. It was brought up by Carrigan. These civilization may have control over multiple universes and exist anywhere in the realities beyond our imagination.

There are even more theories related to the explanation of scale and advancement of the civilization. It is in the minus scale also. There have been new discoveries related to this topic by means of latest deployed telescopes.

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